Plagiarism Policy

All submitted manuscripts undergo similarity screening prior to peer review using appropriate plagiarism detection and content analysis tools. Manuscripts found to contain unacceptable levels of unoriginal content, including plagiarism or redundant publication, may be rejected in accordance with the journal’s editorial policies.

Plagiarism is defined as the unauthorized use of another individual’s ideas, text, data, images, or findings without proper attribution. Self-plagiarism, including redundant or duplicate publication of an author’s own previously published work, is also considered unethical unless appropriately disclosed and cited.

In addition to similarity screening, the journal employs editorial assessment to identify potential misuse of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including undisclosed AI-generated text, images, or other content. Similarity reports and AI-related indicators are evaluated in context.

Editorial decisions are based on the nature, extent, and academic significance of overlapping or AI-generated content rather than on numerical similarity thresholds alone.

Authors are required to disclose any use of AI-assisted tools in manuscript preparation, data analysis, figure generation, or language editing, in accordance with the journal’s Author Guidelines.